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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Mongolia is a landlocked nation whose greater than 3 million persons are unfold erratically throughout its landmass. It is rather prone to local weather change that exacerbates already important pure hazards. It has skilled warming temperatures at virtually thrice the speed of the worldwide common within the final 70 years. Hazards embody drought, flooding, mud and sandstorms, wildfires, earthquakes, and dzuds – a hazard distinctive to Mongolia whereby extreme winter situations comply with a summer season drought and trigger huge livestock mortality. This devastates the livelihoods of herders, and the proportion of Mongolians whose main livelihood is herding has plummeted from 50% to 25% within the final three a long time. Furthermore, disastrous dzuds have pushed an alarming enhance in rural-urban inner migration, as former herders transfer to casual settlements on the outskirts of the capital. Thus, local weather change, migration, urbanization, and environmental degradation, are linked points.
The successive, extreme dzuds skilled in 1999-2001 have been a catalyst for Mongolia to reform its catastrophe administration strategy. The Nationwide Emergency Administration Company (NEMA) was established in 2004 by combining different companies. Throughout a catastrophe, NEMA supplies administration, coordination, and direct help. Mongolia has additionally emphasised early warning, preparedness, and mitigation efforts. More and more, early motion is taken to scale back catastrophe threat. A key a part of that is using threat maps produced by the Nationwide Company for Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring in coordination with companions. A superb instance is dzud threat maps, that are used to find out when to launch forecast-based financing to the individuals most in danger with a purpose to stave off essentially the most devastating catastrophe results.
Mongolia can be growing community-based catastrophe discount efforts. In 2015, the federal government handed the Nationwide Program for Neighborhood-based Catastrophe Discount to create a legislative framework. It included concentrating on efforts for susceptible populations, together with individuals with disabilities, youngsters, aged residents, and low-income individuals. All Mongolian cities have an area catastrophe threat discount technique, and the nation has fulfilled the Sendai Framework for Catastrophe Danger Discount targets. In 2020, Mongolia obtained praised for its catastrophe threat discount progress. Particular Consultant of the Secretary-Normal of the United Nations for Catastrophe Danger Discount Mizutori Mami acknowledged, “Mongolia’s efforts for strengthening coherence between nationwide and native administrations, growing consciousness of all native authorities on having catastrophe threat discount technique by the tip of 2020 in addition to growing nationwide program on making settled areas resilient are an incredible instance of world’s finest practices.”
The U.S. considers Mongolia an vital companion and is happy to be one of many “third neighbors” it cultivates relations with past its land borders. Furthermore, Mongolia’s NEMA and armed forces alongside items of the U.S. armed forces undertake an annual catastrophe management-related train, the GOBI WOLF collection, to rehearse catastrophe responses and implement new finest practices because the fields of humanitarian help and catastrophe aid (HADR) evolve.
Mongolia’s Third Neighbor Coverage is the cornerstone for relationships with international locations apart from Russia or China, each of which have traditionally had a big affect on the nation. It began the Coverage shortly after transitioning to a market-based financial system within the Nineteen Nineties. The nation has since achieved important financial growth due largely to the rise in mining, the principal element of nationwide income. Nonetheless, the Third Neighbor coverage is crucial for extra than simply financial development because it permits Mongolia to construct numerous, international partnerships in safety, together with catastrophe administration.
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