Report on Lewotolok (Indonesia) — March 2022 – Indonesia

Bulletin of the World Volcanism Community, vol. 47, no. 3 (March 2022)
Managing Editor: Edward Venzke. Edited by Kadie L. Bennis.

Lewotolok (Indonesia) Strombolian exercise endured with ash plumes throughout August 2021-January 2022

Please cite this report as:

World Volcanism Program, 2022. Report on Lewotolok (Indonesia) (Bennis, Okay.L., and Venzke, E., eds.). Bulletin of the World Volcanism Community, 47:3. Smithsonian Establishment.

Lewotolok

Indonesia

8.274°S, 123.508°E; summit elev. 1431 m

All instances are native (until in any other case famous)

Lewotolok (also referred to as Lewotolo) is situated on the island of Lembata (Lomblen) within the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. The present eruption interval started in late November 2020 and has been just lately characterised by explosions with ash emissions rising as much as 1.5 km above the summit and incandescent ejecta. A cone had shaped within the summit crater over the SE rim, which incorporates a smaller crater. Intermittent thermal exercise was additionally seen in satellite tv for pc imagery in line with MIROVA knowledge, MODVOLC, and Sentinel-2 infrared knowledge. This report covers related explosive exercise throughout August 2021 via January 2022 with info supplied by Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also referred to as CVGHM, or the Middle of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation), MAGMA Indonesia, and satellite tv for pc knowledge.

Intermittent ash plumes have been reported rising to a most of two.1 km above the summit; incandescent ejecta was additionally noticed rising tons of of meters above the summit and increasing an analogous distance from the crater. Thermal anomalies in MIROVA knowledge indicated pulses of upper exercise throughout late June to early July, and once more in October via November (determine 27). Sentinel-2 infrared satellite tv for pc imagery supplied thermal and visible proof of thermal exercise contained in the summit crater on a number of events (determine 28). In keeping with knowledge from the MODVOLC thermal algorithm, a complete of eight hotspots have been detected on 8, 13, 15, 17, 20, and 22 October, and 9 November.

Day by day white, grey, and black emissions rose 50-2,000 m above the summit throughout August. Occasional banging noises have been additionally reported. On 10 August an eruption at 0729 produced an ash plume that rose 1.5 km above the summit and drifted S (determine 29). Incandescent materials was ejected 200-350 m radially from the summit and was accompanied by banging noises. Ash plumes on 11 and 13 August rose 2 km and 1 km above the summit, respectively, each of which drifted W. Throughout 15-16 August incandescence was noticed from the SW a part of the crater. On 18 August an ash plume at 1820 rose 1 km above the summit and drifted W and materials was ejected 500 m SE. Ash plumes rose 1.2-1.5 km above the summit and drifted typically W on 22, 24, and 26 August.

Related exercise throughout September was characterised by each day white, grey, and black emissions rising 50-700 m above the summit. Ash plumes rose 200-600 m above the summit. Incandescent materials was ejected as excessive as 300 m above the summit throughout 1-2 September. Some incandescent materials traveled so far as 1 km to the SE on 5 September (determine 30). On 15 September an ash plume rose 600 m above the summit and through 15-16 September incandescent materials was ejected 100-300 m above the summit to the E (determine 31). Crater incandescence was seen on 17 September, adopted by incandescent ejecta as excessive as 300 m above the summit that was reported on 18, 19, and 21 September.

Throughout October white, grey, and black emissions rose 50-1,000 m above the summit. Ash plumes have been reported rising as excessive as 1 km above the summit. Rumbling and banging sounds have been reported each day. On 1 October an ash plume rose 800 m above the summit and drifted W and incandescent ejecta throughout 1-2 October rose 300 m above the summit (determine 32). Throughout 3-5 October incandescent materials was ejected so far as 700 m from the vent in a number of instructions. On 6 October materials was ejected so far as 1 km to the SE and 300 m to the SW; an related ash plume at 1723 rose 600 m above the summit. A VONA acknowledged that on 7 October an ash plume rose 1.9 km above the summit and drifted W. Day by day incandescent ejecta have been detected throughout 8-16 October rising as much as 300 m above the crater, one occasion of which moved to the SE. On 11 October there have been 24 eruption occasions reported with ash emissions rising 200 m above the summit, and through 13-15 October there have been a complete of 77 eruption occasions with related ash emissions as much as 1 km above the summit. An ash plume at 0548 on 25 October rose 2.1 km above the summit. Incandescent pulses and weak rumbling sounds have been reported on 30 October.

White, grey, and black emissions endured in November, rising 50-2,000 m above the summit. Throughout 1-3 November incandescent materials was ejected 100-200 m above the summit, and frequent rumbling and banging sounds have been reported. On 6 October there have been 16 eruption occasions that produced white and grey emissions 200-300 m above the summit; rock avalanches and crater incandescence have been additionally noticed (determine 33). Incandescent materials was often ejected so far as 400 m away from the vent in a number of instructions. Throughout 19-20 November incandescent materials was ejected 200 m E from the vent and crater incandescence remained seen throughout 22-30 November. On 24-25 and 30 November incandescent materials was ejected 200-500 m above the summit to the E and SE.

Exercise continued throughout December, with white, grey, and black emissions rising 50-800 m above the summit. Throughout 7-8 December incandescent materials was ejected 300 m above the summit; faint rumbling accompanied this exercise. On 13, 14, and 15 December ash plumes rose to 500 m, 700 m, and 600 m above the summit, respectively (determine 34). Incandescent materials was ejected on a number of days throughout 15-29 December as excessive as 300 m in several instructions. Ash plumes on 25 and 27 December rose 500 m and 400 m above the summit, respectively.

Throughout January 2022, white, grey, and black emissions rose as excessive as 600 m above the summit and drifted E and SE and incandescent materials was ejected 300 m from the vent, accompanied by rumbling. At 0848 on 11 January an ash plume rose 700 m above the summit and drifted E (determine 35). Throughout 11-14 January ash plumes additionally rose as excessive as 700 m above the summit, drifting E, SE, and W.

Geological Abstract. The Lewotolok (or Lewotolo) stratovolcano occupies the jap finish of an elongated peninsula extending north into the Flores Sea, related to Lembata (previously Lomblen) Island by a slender isthmus. It’s symmetrical when considered from the north and east. A small cone with a 130-m-wide crater constructed on the SE aspect of a bigger crater varieties the volcano’s excessive level. Many lava flows have reached the shoreline. Eruptions recorded since 1660 have consisted of explosive exercise from the summit crater.

Info Contacts: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also referred to as Indonesian Middle for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, CVGHM), Jalan Diponegoro 57, Bandung 40122, Indonesia (URL: http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/); MAGMA Indonesia, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (URL: https://magma.esdm.go.id/v1); MIROVA (Center InfraRed Commentary of Volcanic Exercise), a collaborative mission between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Danger of the Italian Civil Safety Division (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) – MODVOLC Thermal Alerts System, Faculty of Ocean and Earth Science and Know-how (SOEST), Univ. of Hawai’i, 2525 Correa Street, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA (URL: http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/); Sentinel Hub Playground (URL: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/discover/sentinel-playground).