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Within the following interview, Vice President of the Mongolian Farmers and Flour Producers Affiliation, agronomist Sh.Shinebayar delved into the present state of the Mongolian agricultural sector.
What number of hectares of land have been cultivated in Mongolia this 12 months? What’s your outlook for this 12 months’s harvest?
Wheat was planted on 333,000 hectares of land within the nation, which is a lower of about 70,000 hectares in comparison with final 12 months. As a part of the aim of accelerating meals provides, greens have been planted on 18,000 hectares, a rise of 5,000 hectares from 2021, and potatoes have been planted on 17,000 hectares. If the harvest from these crops is absolutely collected, it’s estimated that the necessity for potatoes and wheat might be absolutely met whereas the quantity of vegetable harvest is anticipated to extend by about 40 % in comparison with 2021. As well as, this spring was cooler than the long-term common, so wheat planting was delayed. Many enterprises and factories that have been getting ready to develop wheat planted rapeseed this 12 months. Due to this fact, the quantity of rapeseed cultivation has elevated by 20 % in comparison with final 12 months.
What ought to be performed to get a full harvest? What are the dangers?
Our nation makes use of 10,000 tons of fertilizer per 12 months. About 40 % of them are used to fertilize greens and the remainder is used to fertilize crops. This 12 months, as a result of tensions between Russia and Ukraine, quotas have been set for nitrogen fertilizers provided by Russia, limiting its exports. This spring, home firms imported 3,000 tons of fertilizer as a result of a slowdown in inter-country remittances and tugrug depreciation. That is equal to 30 % of our nation’s fertilizer consumption. On high of that, 1 ton of fertilizer used to value 2.1 million MNT in 2021, however now, it has reached 3.9 million MNT, which is nearly double the fee. In different phrases, enterprises imported small quantities of fertilizers at excessive costs. However this isn’t solely an issue in Mongolia. As Russia and Ukraine are the principle exporters of most agricultural inputs, this challenge has arisen internationally.
Does it imply that the yield will lower?
Poor provide of fertilizers isn’t a direct reason for diminished yield. It’s important to take excellent care of crops throughout their development. Since crops reside organisms, they get sick, get eaten by pests and are affected by weeds. About 20 days after June 20 is the time interval for weed management. One technique to management weeds is to make use of herbicides. Weeds strip away vitamins from the principle crop and might scale back yields by as much as 40 %.
Plant illnesses have additionally elevated in recent times. Because of the excessive humidity final 12 months, chlorosis, brown rust and yellow rust illnesses have been detected in native fields. Due to this fact, it’s essential to take measures towards plant illnesses. Bugs additionally eat the stems and fruits of crops. In different phrases, if the three dangers talked about above are taken into consideration and response measures are taken promptly, it’s attainable to take care of and safeguard the projected yield quantity. Enterprises ought to act responsibly and work in line with requirements. The Mongolian Farmers and Flour Producers Affiliation offers the mandatory suggestions, conducts on-site evaluations and disseminates info on-line.
You talked about that herbicides and different plant safety merchandise are used for 20 days. Some folks say that meals hygiene is being compromised as a result of erratic use of herbicides by farmers. What’s your place on this?
If wheat is planted on a big space, it’s proper to make use of plant safety brokers. It’s unattainable to get a good crop with out utilizing such substances. Simply as folks take drugs when they’re sick, relying on the colour and development of crops, it is likely to be vital to make use of herbicides. As well as, for a ton of wheat, three liters of fertilizer are utilized in our nation. In the meantime, 15 liters are used internationally. Basically, if we use plant safety brokers on the applicable degree, we are able to get a wealthy harvest. Pesticides and fertilizers can be understood as soil drugs, which scientists have derived primarily based on the outcomes of a few years of analysis.
In international locations that produce natural agricultural merchandise, reminiscent of South Korea, Japan and Germany, 500 to 700 kilograms of fertilizers and 15 to twenty liters of plant safety brokers are used per hectare. Though they devour such a great amount, they observe good agricultural laws. Therefore, the agricultural merchandise from these international locations preserve their ecological purity. Basically, if substances and fertilizers are used correctly in time, there might be no downside. Giant agricultural firms have good management and use their pesticides appropriately. However as a result of it is unattainable to observe each personal farmer, we can’t inform who’s utilizing which substance.
Many scientists and professors of the Mongolian College of Life Sciences have produced numerous fertilizers and plant safety merchandise and established start-up firms. Is it attainable to domestically present the mandatory substances and fertilizers for the agricultural sector?
Thirty-five kilograms of nitrogen, 28 kilograms of phosphorus and 22 kilograms of potassium are used to provide one ton of agricultural merchandise. Additionally it is vital to make use of 17 hint parts reminiscent of sulfur, zinc and copper. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the principle plant vitamins. We will produce potassium as a result of there is loads of potassium within the dried-up lake basins of our Gobi area. Additionally, if there are phosphorus deposits, nitrogen will be extracted from animal feces. A complete of 40 tons of feces are wanted to provide nitrogen for one hectare of land, so we do not have sufficient uncooked supplies to provide nitrogen. Nevertheless, as talked about above, there are uncooked supplies to provide potassium and phosphorus. Basically, the manufacturing of fertilizers and plant safety substances is inextricably linked to the event of the agricultural sector. It would in all probability be produced domestically. Begin-up firms within the discipline of agriculture are importing uncooked supplies and making fertilizers, however they aren’t ready to provide in giant portions.
In accordance with the parliamentary decision on some measures to be taken on meals provide and safety, authorised final June, some complete measures are deliberate to fulfill the nationwide meals wants with 19 key meals merchandise. Do you see this as attainable?
The agriculture sector in our nation is creating increasingly more. Due to this fact, we’ve got sufficient alternatives to extend the cultivation of every kind of edible and delicate greens and oilseeds and meet our wants.
Individuals ask if they’ll plant rice and sugarcane. Mongolia has carried out quite a lot of analysis in order to provide these two meals merchandise domestically. As an example, within the Seventies, cattle farms have been established in Erdeneburen and Buyant soums of Khovd Province, they usually used to plant sugar beet to organize their fodder. It’s mentioned that they used to reap 40 tons of sugar beet from one hectare. In 1990, a sugarcane manufacturing facility was established in Zuunkharaa soum of Selenge Province. In 1972, Vietnamese college students finding out on the Mongolian College of Life Sciences carried out an experiment to develop rice in Uyench soum in Khovd Province. An appropriate location and place for planting sugar beet and white rice ought to be recognized first. In different phrases, these will be cultivated in Mongolia. Basically, there are just a few crops that don’t develop in our nation. Any crop will develop anyplace if the water downside is solved correctly.
Final 12 months, there was a dispute about farmers not getting their bonus for supplying wheat. They’re now saying that it’s not worthwhile to develop wheat and as a substitute, need to plant rapeseed. Has this downside affected the rise in rapeseed cultivation this 12 months?
I might say that our farmers are patriots. As a results of the federal government’s help, we’re absolutely assembly our home wheat wants on the present degree. As rapeseed is an exportable and worthwhile product, its yield is rising yearly. Due to this fact, the rise in rapeseed cultivation isn’t a downside.
You might be rising malted barley for beer with some farmers. You apparently have acquired approval from the State Plant Selection Testing Council. Are you able to elaborate on this?
I’m an agronomist and have been working within the agricultural sector for over 20 years. Throughout this time, I participated within the launch of many cultivars. Most lately, or final 12 months, the “mon-pi-barley-5” selection for beer was licensed by the State Plant Selection Testing Council and authorised as a promising crop selection. We’re planting it in a small space. Our nation imports malted barley value 20 million to 25 million USD per 12 months. If we are able to domesticate it domestically, there’s a large market ready. Barley has the benefit of being fast-growing and will turn out to be a substitute for wheat fields.
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