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(JTA) — A survey by the Anti-Defamation League discovered that important parts of individuals in 10 European international locations consider a spread of antisemitic stereotypes, together with multiple in three individuals in Poland and Hungary.
The ADL measures antisemitic attitudes throughout a spread of nations by asking respondents in the event that they consider a set of 11 stereotypes about Jews, starting from “Jews have an excessive amount of energy within the enterprise world” to “Jews are liable for a lot of the world’s wars.”
This survey, taken from November to January, polled greater than 6,500 individuals throughout 10 international locations: Germany, France, the UK., Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, Hungary, Ukraine and Russia. The margin of error for Ukraine and Russia was 3.1%, and was 4.4% for the remaining international locations.
In response to the ADL’s methodology, “survey respondents who mentioned at the least 6 out of the 11 statements are ‘most likely true’ are thought of to harbor anti-Semitic attitudes.” In Hungary, 37% reached that threshold, whereas the determine was 35% in Poland. In Ukraine, 29% of respondents met that threshold, and in Russia and Spain, the determine was 26%. The bottom determine, 8%, was within the Netherlands.
Though Poland and Ukraine had comparatively massive parts of respondents indicating that they believed in antisemitic stereotypes, their percentages every represented a steep decline from earlier surveys. In 2019, the final time the survey was taken in these international locations, 48% of Polish respondents and 46% of Ukrainian respondents met the ADL’s threshold for antisemitic attitudes.
Stereotypes round Israel have been particularly prevalent. Greater than 40% of respondents in Poland, Spain, Belgium and Germany mentioned “Jews are extra loyal to Israel than to this nation.” Greater than 30% of respondents in all international locations polled expressed that perception. And in Ukraine and Hungary, greater than half of respondents mentioned “Jews have an excessive amount of energy within the enterprise world.” The survey additionally discovered that within the international locations polled, charges of antisemitism “are typically larger on the political proper than the political left.”
The survey discovered, nevertheless, that Holocaust denial was much less widespread throughout the international locations. In all of the international locations polled, both zero or 1% of respondents mentioned “The Holocaust is a delusion and didn’t occur.” A better share throughout the international locations, although nonetheless a small minority, mentioned, “The Holocaust occurred, however the variety of Jews who died in it has been drastically exaggerated.” That quantity gave the impression to be highest in Ukraine, Hungary and Russia, all international locations the place the Holocaust happened.
In Russia, 27% of respondents mentioned that they had not “heard in regards to the Holocaust in Europe throughout World Battle II.”
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