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In response to the legal guidelines and rules written in black on white, all alternatives are open for youngsters with disabilities to be taught and develop in our nation. Specifically, quite a few orders, selections, and rules have been issued on inclusive training of kids. Particularly, in 2019, there was a process for creating supplies and studying environments appropriate for college students with disabilities in instructional establishments of all ranges, and procedures for the equal inclusion of disabled youngsters generally training colleges. Earlier than that, in 2016, the Regulation on the Rights of Individuals with Disabilities was handed. Article 15 of that legislation comprises provisions to create circumstances appropriate for individuals with disabilities in all ranges of instructional establishments and vocational coaching facilities. Nevertheless, the outcomes of the analysis carried out by the Reaserch Institute of Labor and Social Safety have confirmed that the implementation of those legal guidelines and rules is just not ample in actuality.
There are a complete of 9,495 youngsters with disabilities who’re kindergarten and college age nationwide. Statistics present that 70.3 p.c of them research in colleges and kindergartens. The attendance fee was the very best in Khuvsgul province, with 91.7 p.c attendance in school and kindergarten. However in Tuv Province, the determine is 29.4 p.c, which is the bottom. Usually, solely three out of 21 provinces have excessive proportion of kids with disabilities in training than the nationwide common. All others are beneath the nationwide common. There are 1,453 kindergartens and 848 common training colleges working in Mongolia. Of those, 1,065 youngsters with disabilities research in kindergartens and 5,606 generally training colleges. Judging by the outcomes of the final 5 years, the variety of youngsters with disabilities learning in colleges and kindergartens has barely decreased.
In response to the analysis outcomes of the institute, the lack of knowledge and information about disabilities in any respect ranges is the principle impediment to youngsters’s equal entry to training. For instance, the dearth of training in that sector, and the cooperation of the fee, trainer, college authorities, dad and mom and guardians are extraordinarily low within the sector of those youngsters present that the legal guidelines associated to them aren’t applied in actuality. In consequence, youngsters with disabilities can’t take part in training as equal as the opposite youngsters and are left exterior the circle.
The Analysis Institute of Labor and Social Safety interviewed 100 residents with youngsters aged two to 14 years attending colleges and kindergartens. Round 60 p.c of these youngsters are feminine. When it comes to disabilities, 30 p.c of these youngsters have down syndrome and autism, 25 p.c have paralysis, and the remaining p.c have visible, speech, listening to, and motion disabilities and impairments. The dad and mom and guardians who participated within the interview emphasised that the idea of inclusive training of kids with disabilities has not been shaped in kindergartens and colleges. The trainer who leads the class is answerable for together with the kid in the coaching. Nevertheless, many academics don’t know how one can educate these youngsters. The college employees additionally stated that they don’t have sufficient understanding about this. As well as, the federal government and associated organizations improve the workload of academics a number of occasions. For instance, too many youngsters with disabilities are assigned to 1 trainer. Additionally, there’s unrealistic strain on academics to show 40 to 50 youngsters learning collectively with out falling behind.
The dad and mom who participated within the research stated, “Faculties and kindergartens do not need an accessible setting. As well as, instructional establishments typically pass over youngsters with disabilities when organizing public actions. Due to the inaccessibility of the setting, the kid can’t attend all of the courses.” This drawback was additionally confirmed through the analysis. B, who has a baby with disabilities stated, “The college organizes varied social actions. Nevertheless, relating to collaborating in races and competitions, my youngster will get unhappy as a result of he can’t run and soar. I personally as properly come out saddened. Youngsters who can’t run or soar might be good at drawing and considering. However, there aren’t any measures to develop what they’re able to alone.”
However then again, a faculty trainer stated, “We’re doing extra actions for youngsters with disabilities as a way to assist them change into extra impartial. Equivalent to, self-toileting, consuming, and ingesting water. While serving to them, different youngsters are simply distracted whereas I typically take them to the lavatory. The work plan is deliberate for all the 12 months and carried out in response to the directions. Households are weak in cooperating with academics and supporting their youngsters’s improvement. They don’t choose up their youngster after I name saying, ‘Are you able to choose up your youngster from college an hour in the past, the kid is drained and unable to deal with the load?’ It’s typically imposed as a trainer’s obligation,” they stated.
A department answerable for the event of disabled youngsters primarily based on the traits of their issues works in each province. Nevertheless, the operation of those commissions is just not optimum, which hinders the inclusive training of kids with disabilities. On December 21, 2016, Authorities Decision No.200 permitted the principles of the Fee for Well being, Schooling and Social Safety of Youngsters with Disabilities and outlined the course of its actions. In response to this, from 2017, a full-time fee was established on the central state administrative group answerable for the difficulty of individuals with disabilities, and a part-time department fee for well being, training, and social safety of the kids was established on the Social Coverage Division of the Provincial Governor’s Workplace. The fee ought to have sure obligations for the equal inclusion of youngsters with disabilities. Nevertheless, the research revealed that moms, fathers, and guardians of kids with disabilities have no idea a lot in regards to the actions of the department commissions of their communities. They perceive that the department fee has no different position than to find out and prolong allowances for youngsters in everlasting care. In different phrases, fathers, moms and guardians gave a foul evaluation of the actions of the native department fee.
As for the members of the department, they defended themselves saying that their members aren’t full-time and can’t work successfully as a result of heavy workload. Not solely that, the members of the department do not need a standard understanding and details about disabilities, and there have been occurrences the place their actions are unstable, and the place they do not know the work they need to be doing. For instance, Authorities Decision No. 235 from 2020 states that “Equal inclusion of kids in kindergartens and common training colleges whatever the nature of their disabilities ought to be carried out and creating instructional options and cellular tutoring companies for youngsters who can’t take part in classroom training as a consequence of well being causes. Though extra than two years have handed for the reason that adoption of the decision, no cellular academics have been employed till now. Additionally, the provisions on the necessary research of educating strategies and mastery programs for college students learning the career of working with disabled youngsters, and the particular coaching of academics and staff within the subject of working with disabled youngsters aren’t absolutely applied. As well as, the Minister of Schooling, Tradition, Science, and Sports activities’ Order No. A/155 from 2018 on the approval of the mannequin and methodology states that “The trainer who approves the methodology and directions for creating a person plan and evaluates the kid’s progress will probably be paid an further wage.” Sadly, 50 p.c of academics surveyed stated they didn’t obtain this increase. Additionally, most of the academics had no concept or details about the opportunity of receiving the extra charge.
Ranging from the Ministry of Labor and Social Safety, the Authorities Company on Creating Individuals with Disabilities, and branches in 21 provinces and 9 districts, there’s a sizable construction that may help and develop individuals with particular wants in all features in our nation. Nevertheless, in actuality, their work does not translate from paper to actuality, and the examples talked about above might be proof. Specifically, the orders, rules and selections associated to the equal training of disabled youngsters are under no circumstances applied.
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